Unless otherwise authorized in the AOC, how many pilots must be on board if passengers are present for an IFR flight?

For an IFR flight that is carrying passengers, regulatory requirements typically stipulate that there must be a minimum of two pilots on board. This ensures that the aircraft is adequately crewed to handle the responsibilities of flight safely, especially under instrument flight rules where the demands on the crew can be significantly higher due to the lack of visual references outside the aircraft.

Having two pilots allows one to fly while the other manages communications, navigation, and other critical tasks, which is particularly important in complex flight scenarios that IFR operations can present. Additionally, the presence of a second pilot enhances safety by ensuring that there is a backup in case of any emergency or incapacitation of one pilot.

This requirement underscores the importance of crew resource management and the need for adequate training and readiness to respond effectively to various in-flight situations. It also aligns with aviation safety standards aimed at protecting the welfare of passengers.